Thursday, November 29, 2018

Mental Health: How Parenting Styles Affect Us

Photo by Nicole De Khors at Burst

I was raised in the 70s and 80s when it’s generally agreed that parenting styles were very different. Top priorities back then were ensuring that your child was fed, clothed, educated and disciplined for any transgressions. This was all well and good, our physical and academic needs were well met, but emotional nurturing was left very much to the personalities of the parents and the vibe that this generated within the family – a well-being lottery if you like. Schools offered a similar deal, feeding you through the system, spitting you out at the end with a clutch of O and A levels, with little support for friendship/personal issues. This type of parenting and schooling meant that if you had problems, you pretty much had to deal with them on your own. We had to find our own way through the minefield of relationships, worries, body issues, alcohol (and other substances) and sex. Some might say this was ‘character building’, but for many, we became victims, bullies or a combination of the two. Some of us suffered mental illness, developed low self-respect and were ill-equipped to deal with alcohol and sexual relationships, making us behave inappropriately or dangerously and vulnerable to abuse. The vast majority of us did indeed pull through – we figured out who we were, how to move forward and become successful, kind and reasonably well-adjusted people. But with a bit of support, advice and guidance, this could have been so much easier for us, and we would have far less ‘baggage’ to deal with in our ongoing lives.

This type of upbringing is now known as ‘under-parenting’, where parents fail to acknowledge and address their child’s emotional needs. Fifty years ago, it was the norm – these days, you'd have a social worker knocking at your door.

As a parent of four children with a sixteen-year age gap between the oldest and youngest, I have witnessed the change in approach when it comes to supporting and nurturing children as they grow. We now keep a watchful eye on their mental well-being. We understand the importance of listening to our children, not just their worries but the things that have made them happy too. We know we must respect their thoughts and believe that what they say is important to them. We teach them to be loving and kind towards their siblings and not allow teasing to go too far or become one-sided. We offer guidance with friendship issues. We make an effort to ‘catch them being good’ and give them lots of praise. When they are naughty, we give them a chance to explain their actions before giving well-considered sanctions. We help them with the stresses of school life and guide them to establish a healthy work–life balance. As they grow, we talk openly about body image, sex and alcohol and advise them on staying safe as they enter the adult world. It is interesting to note that, according to a recent study, young people are drinking much less and, in fact, almost 30% of 16-24-year-olds do not drink at all.

It isn’t just parents who have changed the way they care for children’s emotional development. Most schools now acknowledge the importance of mental well-being and offer services to support young people and their parents. My children’s school runs seminars and workshops for parents and students, covering an extensive range of issues and have a large pastoral team who deal with problems that students are experiencing. They take mental welfare very seriously and believe that you can only achieve your full potential academically if you are feeling happy, confident and safe.

It could be argued that there was nothing wrong with the way children used to be brought up. Why shouldn’t they find their own way – it didn’t do us any harm, it made us who we are. I would say, yes it does make you who you are but perhaps not the best version of who you could have been, and that it can do untold harm. The habits you pick up as a teenager/young adult and the way you view and conduct yourself at that time do tend to stick. Untreated mental health problems and attitudes towards self-image, relationships and addictive substances that develop during childhood become deep-rooted and often last a lifetime, with the sufferer in a permanent state of ‘management’.

This 21st-century wave of awareness and proactive involvement in children’s emotional development can only be seen as a positive step in turning out well-adjusted, happy individuals. But as the pendulum swings away from under-parenting, it poses the risk of sliding into over-parenting, which can be equally damaging. Over-parenting takes the form of excessive praise/attention/interference, minimal/biased discipline or telling the child they are gifted in some way. 
Constantly praising children has been shown to have a negative effect. Many realise they are being praised for little reason which diminishes its significance and can actually damage self-esteem – a kind of ‘is this really the best you think I can be?’ thing. This is one reason for many schools no longer giving out stickers, and also because it normalises praise – children start to see it as an entitlement rather than something special. Parents who believe their child can do no wrong also do them a dis-service in failing to help them develop healthy relationships and these children often go through school experiencing endless friendship issues. Telling a child that they are talented when they simply just like doing something can be dangerous, as when they eventually discover they aren’t that great, just normal, it can come as a massive blow. They may feel they have been deceived and this can lead to trust and anger issues to go alongside a loss of confidence and sense of failure (you only have to watch The X-Factor to see this played out). Over-praising can also cause a child to believe they are perfect and superior, which can result in relationship problems, depression and a constant pressure to perform. The ‘helicopter parent’ who constantly interferes with their child’s life and friendships and is always on the phone to school over trivial matters runs the risk of transferring their continual fretting to the child, who can end up with anxiety issues of their own.

And, of course, it’s entirely possible to simultaneously under- and over-parent – make your child believe they are God’s gift whilst failing to notice and address their emotional needs. This can have a particularly toxic effect and lead to very unpleasant personality disorders.

What a very difficult line for us to tread, and I, for one, know I don’t get it right a lot of the time. It's about judging when and how to step in or back off a fine balance of giving the right amount of support and advice to equip them to independently deal with what life throws at them. 

But even if we do underdo it or overdo it occasionally, we can take comfort in the knowledge that by including emotional nurturing on our list of parental responsibilities, we’ve taken a huge step forward in providing a positive future for our children.




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